Exposure to Trace Elements Through <i>Rauwolfia vomitoria</i> and <i>Argemone Mexicana,</i> Two Medicinal Plants at Hahotoé-Kpogamé, a Polluted Area in Southern Togo

Kouévi Satchi; Simon Gabriel Mafulul; Mamatchi Melila; Ishaya Longdet

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13

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Exposure to Trace Elements Through Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana, Two Medicinal Plants at Hahotoé-Kpogamé, a Polluted Area in Southern Togo

Kouévi Satchi^*, Simon Gabriel Mafulul, Mamatchi Melila

, Ishaya Longdet

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 12, Issue 2)

Received: 15 March 2024 Accepted: 7 April 2024 Published: 29 April 2024

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Abstract

Background: Herbal drugs and mineral elements are well established for their therapeutic benefits against diseases and nutritional importance in human health. Medicinal plants contain toxic metabolites which, once consumed, become a formidable source of disease. Accumulation of toxic industrial effluents in soil, air and water is continuously increasing due to fast urbanization and intensive environmental pollution. Elements like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), uranium (U), arsenic (As) which are not used by the plants directly but accumulate in the plants are detrimental to human health when consumed. This study aims to investigate the level of trace elements through the use of two medicinal plants in a polluted area in southern Togo. The trace elements analysis in the powder of the Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana leaves, was carried out by the method and protocol described by Acme Laboratory using PerkinElmer ELAN 9000 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS). The result of trace elements concentrations (ppm) ranges revealed, as follows: Cadmium (0.8-1.5), Antimony (0.17-0.9), Arsenic (10.85-15.25), Lead (11.31-13.33), Iron (21.02-25.13), Manganese (84.5-140), Calcium (22.39-31.81), Zinc (73.1-82.6), Uranium (0.01-0.04) and Thorium (0.15-1.05) are significantly higher than the World Health Organization maximum permissible limit. These results suggested that the leaves of the two medicinal plants have contaminated by the trace elements. More toxicological activities need to be conduct in the area to find out the toxicity level of contaminants in herbal raw materials in the area.

Published in	American Journal of BioScience (Volume 12, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13
Page(s)	53-60
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana, Pharmacological Uses, Hahotoé-Kpogamé (Togo) Polluted Area, Exposure to ETM, Sanitary Risk

References

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APA Style

Satchi, K., Mafulul, S. G., Melila, M., Longdet, I. (2024). Exposure to Trace Elements Through Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana, Two Medicinal Plants at Hahotoé-Kpogamé, a Polluted Area in Southern Togo. American Journal of BioScience, 12(2), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13

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ACS Style

Satchi, K.; Mafulul, S. G.; Melila, M.; Longdet, I. Exposure to Trace Elements Through Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana, Two Medicinal Plants at Hahotoé-Kpogamé, a Polluted Area in Southern Togo. Am. J. BioScience 2024, 12(2), 53-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13

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AMA Style

Satchi K, Mafulul SG, Melila M, Longdet I. Exposure to Trace Elements Through Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana, Two Medicinal Plants at Hahotoé-Kpogamé, a Polluted Area in Southern Togo. Am J BioScience. 2024;12(2):53-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13,
  author = {Kouévi Satchi and Simon Gabriel Mafulul and Mamatchi Melila and Ishaya Longdet},
  title = {Exposure to Trace Elements Through Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana, Two Medicinal Plants at Hahotoé-Kpogamé, a Polluted Area in Southern Togo
},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {53-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20241202.13},
  abstract = {Background: Herbal drugs and mineral elements are well established for their therapeutic benefits against diseases and nutritional importance in human health. Medicinal plants contain toxic metabolites which, once consumed, become a formidable source of disease. Accumulation of toxic industrial effluents in soil, air and water is continuously increasing due to fast urbanization and intensive environmental pollution. Elements like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), uranium (U), arsenic (As) which are not used by the plants directly but accumulate in the plants are detrimental to human health when consumed. This study aims to investigate the level of trace elements through the use of two medicinal plants in a polluted area in southern Togo. The trace elements analysis in the powder of the Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana leaves, was carried out by the method and protocol described by Acme Laboratory using PerkinElmer ELAN 9000 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS). The result of trace elements concentrations (ppm) ranges revealed, as follows: Cadmium (0.8-1.5), Antimony (0.17-0.9), Arsenic (10.85-15.25), Lead (11.31-13.33), Iron (21.02-25.13), Manganese (84.5-140), Calcium (22.39-31.81), Zinc (73.1-82.6), Uranium (0.01-0.04) and Thorium (0.15-1.05) are significantly higher than the World Health Organization maximum permissible limit. These results suggested that the leaves of the two medicinal plants have contaminated by the trace elements. More toxicological activities need to be conduct in the area to find out the toxicity level of contaminants in herbal raw materials in the area.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Exposure to Trace Elements Through Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana, Two Medicinal Plants at Hahotoé-Kpogamé, a Polluted Area in Southern Togo

AU  - Kouévi Satchi
AU  - Simon Gabriel Mafulul
AU  - Mamatchi Melila
AU  - Ishaya Longdet
Y1  - 2024/04/29
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 53
EP  - 60
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13
AB  - Background: Herbal drugs and mineral elements are well established for their therapeutic benefits against diseases and nutritional importance in human health. Medicinal plants contain toxic metabolites which, once consumed, become a formidable source of disease. Accumulation of toxic industrial effluents in soil, air and water is continuously increasing due to fast urbanization and intensive environmental pollution. Elements like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), uranium (U), arsenic (As) which are not used by the plants directly but accumulate in the plants are detrimental to human health when consumed. This study aims to investigate the level of trace elements through the use of two medicinal plants in a polluted area in southern Togo. The trace elements analysis in the powder of the Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana leaves, was carried out by the method and protocol described by Acme Laboratory using PerkinElmer ELAN 9000 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS). The result of trace elements concentrations (ppm) ranges revealed, as follows: Cadmium (0.8-1.5), Antimony (0.17-0.9), Arsenic (10.85-15.25), Lead (11.31-13.33), Iron (21.02-25.13), Manganese (84.5-140), Calcium (22.39-31.81), Zinc (73.1-82.6), Uranium (0.01-0.04) and Thorium (0.15-1.05) are significantly higher than the World Health Organization maximum permissible limit. These results suggested that the leaves of the two medicinal plants have contaminated by the trace elements. More toxicological activities need to be conduct in the area to find out the toxicity level of contaminants in herbal raw materials in the area.

VL  - 12
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Kouévi Satchi

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Africa Centre of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

Contact Email
Simon Gabriel Mafulul

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Mamatchi Melila

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8789-2643
Ishaya Longdet

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

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Satchi, K., Mafulul, S. G., Melila, M., Longdet, I. (2024). Exposure to Trace Elements Through Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana, Two Medicinal Plants at Hahotoé-Kpogamé, a Polluted Area in Southern Togo. American Journal of BioScience, 12(2), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13

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ACS Style

Satchi, K.; Mafulul, S. G.; Melila, M.; Longdet, I. Exposure to Trace Elements Through Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana, Two Medicinal Plants at Hahotoé-Kpogamé, a Polluted Area in Southern Togo. Am. J. BioScience 2024, 12(2), 53-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13

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AMA Style

Satchi K, Mafulul SG, Melila M, Longdet I. Exposure to Trace Elements Through Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana, Two Medicinal Plants at Hahotoé-Kpogamé, a Polluted Area in Southern Togo. Am J BioScience. 2024;12(2):53-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13,
  author = {Kouévi Satchi and Simon Gabriel Mafulul and Mamatchi Melila and Ishaya Longdet},
  title = {Exposure to Trace Elements Through Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana, Two Medicinal Plants at Hahotoé-Kpogamé, a Polluted Area in Southern Togo
},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {53-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20241202.13},
  abstract = {Background: Herbal drugs and mineral elements are well established for their therapeutic benefits against diseases and nutritional importance in human health. Medicinal plants contain toxic metabolites which, once consumed, become a formidable source of disease. Accumulation of toxic industrial effluents in soil, air and water is continuously increasing due to fast urbanization and intensive environmental pollution. Elements like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), uranium (U), arsenic (As) which are not used by the plants directly but accumulate in the plants are detrimental to human health when consumed. This study aims to investigate the level of trace elements through the use of two medicinal plants in a polluted area in southern Togo. The trace elements analysis in the powder of the Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana leaves, was carried out by the method and protocol described by Acme Laboratory using PerkinElmer ELAN 9000 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS). The result of trace elements concentrations (ppm) ranges revealed, as follows: Cadmium (0.8-1.5), Antimony (0.17-0.9), Arsenic (10.85-15.25), Lead (11.31-13.33), Iron (21.02-25.13), Manganese (84.5-140), Calcium (22.39-31.81), Zinc (73.1-82.6), Uranium (0.01-0.04) and Thorium (0.15-1.05) are significantly higher than the World Health Organization maximum permissible limit. These results suggested that the leaves of the two medicinal plants have contaminated by the trace elements. More toxicological activities need to be conduct in the area to find out the toxicity level of contaminants in herbal raw materials in the area.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Exposure to Trace Elements Through Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana, Two Medicinal Plants at Hahotoé-Kpogamé, a Polluted Area in Southern Togo

AU  - Kouévi Satchi
AU  - Simon Gabriel Mafulul
AU  - Mamatchi Melila
AU  - Ishaya Longdet
Y1  - 2024/04/29
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 53
EP  - 60
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20241202.13
AB  - Background: Herbal drugs and mineral elements are well established for their therapeutic benefits against diseases and nutritional importance in human health. Medicinal plants contain toxic metabolites which, once consumed, become a formidable source of disease. Accumulation of toxic industrial effluents in soil, air and water is continuously increasing due to fast urbanization and intensive environmental pollution. Elements like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), uranium (U), arsenic (As) which are not used by the plants directly but accumulate in the plants are detrimental to human health when consumed. This study aims to investigate the level of trace elements through the use of two medicinal plants in a polluted area in southern Togo. The trace elements analysis in the powder of the Rauwolfia vomitoria and Argemone Mexicana leaves, was carried out by the method and protocol described by Acme Laboratory using PerkinElmer ELAN 9000 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS). The result of trace elements concentrations (ppm) ranges revealed, as follows: Cadmium (0.8-1.5), Antimony (0.17-0.9), Arsenic (10.85-15.25), Lead (11.31-13.33), Iron (21.02-25.13), Manganese (84.5-140), Calcium (22.39-31.81), Zinc (73.1-82.6), Uranium (0.01-0.04) and Thorium (0.15-1.05) are significantly higher than the World Health Organization maximum permissible limit. These results suggested that the leaves of the two medicinal plants have contaminated by the trace elements. More toxicological activities need to be conduct in the area to find out the toxicity level of contaminants in herbal raw materials in the area.

VL  - 12
IS  - 2
ER  -

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